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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Environmental xenobiotic ： ウィキペディア英語版 Environmental xenobiotic Environmental xenobiotic are xenobiotic substances with a biological activity that are found as pollutants in the natural environment. == Pharmaceuticals == Pharmaceutical drug is a chemical used for the alteration, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease, health conditions or structure/function of the human body. Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are those pharmaceuticals that have by one route or another entered the environment as the parent compound or as pharmacologically active metabolites. Drugs are developed with the intention of having a beneficial biological effect on the organism to which they are administered, but many such compounds all too often pass into the environment where they may exert an unwanted biological effect.〔Halling-Sorensen et al. 1998. Occurrence, fate, and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment-A Review. Chemosphere 36: 357-393〕 For many years PhACs have been all but ignored as environmental researchers concentrated on the well known environmentally dangerous chemicals that were/are largely used in agriculture and industry. But with increasing technology to help in the separation and identification of multiple compounds in a mixture, PhACs and their effects have received increasing attention.〔Daughton and Ternes. 1999. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change? Environmental Health Perspectives 117:907-938.〕 PhACs have not (until relatively recently) been seen as potentially toxic because regulations associated with pharmaceuticals are typically overseen by human health organizations which have limited experience with environmental issues.〔Jones et al. 2001. Human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Environmental Technology 22: 1383-1394〕 Nearly all categories of pharmaceuticals including pain killers (analgesics and anti-inflammatory), antibiotics (antibacterial), anticonvulsant drugs, Beta-blockers, blood lipid regulators, X-ray contrast media, cytostatic drugs (Chemotherapy), oral contraceptives, and veterinary pharmaceuticals among many others have been found in the environment.〔Heberer. 2002. Occurrence, fate and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment- A review of recent research data. Toxicology Letters 131: 5-17.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environmental xenobiotic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.